What is Management? Definition, Meaning,Characteristics & levels of Management
Management Definition:
Famous Management definition by different authors:
According to Peter Drucker:
"Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages business and manages managers and manages workers and work."
According to Henri Fayol:
"To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control."
According to Mary Parker Follet:
"Management is the art of getting things done through people."
These all are the management definition by different famous author.
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Meaning of Management (Management meaning):
Management is an art or activity which is performed by individual or a group of individuals to get work complete in effective and efficient way.
It helps to manage the things in a appropriate way. It is a problem solving process.
In other words, Management is a process of planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling human efforts to achieve organisational objectives effectively.
In simple words, Management means utilize resources in best possible way so that objective can achieve easily. Resources are men, material, machine, method, money and markets (these all resources are also called 6 m's). All these resources helps the organisation to make high sales, growth, maximum profits,etc.
Nature or characteristics of management:
1. Management is a process
2. Goal oriented
3. Decision making
4. Invisible
5. Management as an art or a science
6. management as a profession
7. Universal applicable
8. Getting work done through people
9. Group activity not an individual activity
10. Follow rules and principles
Let's Discuss each features in briefly
1. Management is a process:
It is a process which start from planning and end with controlling. It include five steps - planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling. These steps are followed in sequence. Management is a never ending process.
2. Goal oriented:
The main and primary task of management is to achieve goals by ulitising the resources and managerial knowledge. It gives lots of importance to end expected result. No need of management means nothing to achieve.
3. Decision making:
Quality decision helps the organisation to achieve success and bad decision subtract the benefits from good decision.
Management make easy to take Good Quality Decision - by identify the needs of decision, by gathering the information, then Identify alternatives, after that choose an alternative and at last take action.
4. Invisible:
Management cannot be seen or touched like a physical objects. It is an intangible knowledge. Knowledge consist of concepts of functions, theories, principles, approaches, etc. It help us to obtain desired result.
5. Management as an art or a science:
It is both an art and a science. Art means practical use of managerial knowledge and Science means systematic body of knowledge. It satisfies both the conditions.
6. Management as a profession:
It is also a profession. Profession is a body of knowledge which is based on certain studies, observation and experience. It satisfies the condition of profession but not all, so we cannot treated it as pure profession.
7. Universal applicable:
Universal applicable means we can apply it at any time, at any place without any ristriction. Many expert believe that management is a universal applicable. But in reality it is both universal as well as non universal. Universal when it is considered in principles, processes and functions and non universal when it is considered in practice.
8. Getting work done through people:
A manager doesn't perform the work by its own. Manager hire the peoples for organisation work. It is a responsibility of the manager to provide the favourable work environment to workers. In simple words, Manager manages employees.
9. Group activity not an individual activity:
Management is a group activity not an individual activities. It uses Group efforts to get achieve desired goals. Group activities provide better result as compare to individual activity. Group activities require less effort, less time, and less energy as compare to individual activity. Today team(Group) works prefer more than individuals.
10. Follows Rules and principles:
Management follows all the established rules and principles such as discipline, unity of command, division of work, etc. These principles help the organisation to solve the problem.
Levels of Management:
There is mainly three levels:
1. Top level
2. Middle level
3. Lower level
Let's Dicuss each levels in briefly:
1. Top level Management:
It includes the BOD (Board of Directors), Chairman, and chief executive. They determine basic objectives, decide the structure of the organisation and formulate main long term policies, rules, procedures, budgets, etc. They mainly guide, supervise, review and control middle level executives.
2. Middle level Management:
They serve as the link between the top level and lower level. It includes production manager, marketing manager, financial manager, branch managers, chief accountant, personnel officers, sales managers, cost accountant etc.
They mainly guide, instruct, and control lower level employees. They perform any task assigned by the higher authority and also Collect information and prepare report for top authority. Make arrangement for necessary resources.
3. Lower level management:
They also known as supervisory or operating management. It includes plant supervisors, sales officer, accountants, junior clerk, other lower cadre officers like gang boss, time keepers, foremen, trainers, etc.
They supervise and control activities of workers. Maintain discipline, create and maintain healthy work climate. Communicate problem of workers with higher level authority. Perform work and report performance to higher authority.
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